Kane will be making his 18th appearance for the Three Lions, having made his debut for the senior side against Lithuania under Roy Hodgson on 27 March 2015.
He came off the bench to score in the 4-0 Euro 2016 qualifying win at Wembley after replacing Rooney.
“We have several players who have excellent leadership qualities,” added Southgate.
Advertisement
“Harry Kane is a player who we have worked with in the Under-21s before. He’s got a terrific mentality and I know he is delighted to be leading the team.”
Kane, England’s 119th captain, scored 35 goals in 38 league and cup appearances for Premier League runners-up Spurs in 2016-17.
England team-mate Adam Lallana said Harry Kane deserved to lead his country.
“I’m absolutely delighted for Harry, I’ve been so impressed by him. He’s demonstrated why he’s one of the world’s best players,” added the Liverpool midfielder.
Advertisement
Group F leaders England are six points clear of fourth-placed Scotland with five games remaining.